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Bladder prolapse, also called a cystocele, occurs when the tissues and muscles of the pelvic floor are weakened or stretched. This decreases the ability of the pelvic floor muscles to hold the pelvic organs in their normal position.
When the tissues supporting the bladder weaken, the bladder can slowly bulge into the vagina. However, it’s important to clarify that this organ cannot “fall out” of the body (yes, I sometimes hear that question)! Remember that all pelvic organs are still attached to all the connective tissues of the pelvis. While they might bulge into or out of the vagina, they will remain in place.
Bladder prolapse can be caused by anything that stretches or weakens the pelvic floor. Normal aging and menopause can reduce estrogen levels and lead to bladder prolapse, but other risk factors that put pressure on the pelvic floor might include:
If you experience any of the following symptoms or feelings in the vaginal area, it may be a sign of bladder prolapse:
Doctors can diagnose a prolapsed bladder by performing a pelvic exam. They may also recommend special urinary studies called urodynamics to evaluate associated urinary symptoms.
Bladder prolapse treatments can range from pelvic floor exercises to surgical interventions, including:
To prevent bladder prolapse from worsening, there are several things you can try at home including:
While bladder prolapse doesn't cause urinary incontinence, it can sometimes aggravate the symptoms of incontinence.
When the bladder gets pulled downward, the urethra (the tube through which urine exits the body) may slightly bend, making it difficult to fully empty the bladder. If some urine is left over in the body, this can aggravate urinary urgency and incontinence symptoms.
If you notice bladder leaks have become more frequent or more urgent due to bladder prolapse, I recommend keeping Poise® Ultra Thin pads in your bag so you can reach for one in case of any unexpected leakage.
As a gynecologist, I want my patients to be empowered to talk about their bladder experiences openly with their doctors.
Bladder prolapse is incredibly common, so know that you are not alone. I see these issues daily and I talk with my patients about the symptoms and treatments that can improve their pelvic health and ensure they are comfortable.
I encourage you to talk with your doctor about any discomfort or abnormalities related to your pelvic health! You do not need to settle for conditions like bladder prolapse that come with aging; instead, you and your doctor can find the right treatments and lifestyle adjustments to keep you happy and healthy.
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